{"id":253,"date":"2024-02-17T10:15:00","date_gmt":"2024-02-17T07:15:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/safirdemo.com\/atolye\/?p=253"},"modified":"2024-04-03T22:02:21","modified_gmt":"2024-04-03T19:02:21","slug":"sosyal-medya-pazarlamasi-nedir-nasil-yapilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/?p=253","title":{"rendered":"G\u00fcne\u015f Paneli Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kaynak : https:\/\/www.aydinlatma.org\/gunes-paneli-nasil-calisir.html<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fotonlar fotovoltaik h\u00fccrelere \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, enerjisi yar\u0131iletken silikon kristaller taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Katk\u0131lanmaya g\u00f6re olu\u015fturulan n ve p tip yar\u0131iletken silikon kristaller polarize olarak birbirleri aras\u0131nda tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc elektron ve bo\u015fluk ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. B\u00f6ylece elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ve gerilimi olu\u015farak elektrik enerjisi elde edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcne\u015ften yay\u0131lan elektromanyetik radyasyon i\u00e7erisinde yer alan&nbsp;<strong>fotonlar&nbsp;<\/strong>fotovoltaik h\u00fccrelere \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, enerjisi yar\u0131iletken silikon kristaller taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Katk\u0131lanmaya g\u00f6re olu\u015fturulan&nbsp;<strong>n ve p tip yar\u0131iletken silikon kristaller<\/strong>&nbsp;polarize olarak birbirleri aras\u0131nda&nbsp;<strong>tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc elektron ve bo\u015fluk ak\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;olu\u015fturur. B\u00f6ylece elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ve gerilimi olu\u015farak&nbsp;<strong>elektrik enerjisi<\/strong>&nbsp;elde edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklar\u0131ndan olan&nbsp;<strong>g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisiyle elektrik \u00fcretimi<\/strong>&nbsp;d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde gittik\u00e7e artan bir pop\u00fclariteye sahip olmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcne\u015f enerji santrallerinin ilk yat\u0131r\u0131m maliyetleri, teknolojik geli\u015fmelerle birlikte azalarak&nbsp;<strong>verimlilik<\/strong>&nbsp;de\u011ferlerinde art\u0131\u015flar ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00fcnya Enerji Konseyi<\/strong>\u2019ne g\u00f6re g\u00fcne\u015f ve d\u00fcnya aras\u0131ndaki ortalama mesafede g\u00fcne\u015ften yay\u0131lan elektromanyetik radyasyona dik, uzay alanda olu\u015fan g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisinin yo\u011funlu\u011fu\u00a0<strong>1367 W\/m\u00b2<\/strong>\u2019dir. D\u00fcnya y\u00fczeyindeki ortalama g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisi yo\u011funlu\u011fu ise\u00a0<strong>170 W\/m\u00b2<\/strong>\u00a0de\u011ferindedir. G\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn bulutlu ya da a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131na, b\u00f6lgenin enlem boylam de\u011ferlerine, mevsimlere, g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde saatlik g\u00fcne\u015flenme s\u00fcresine g\u00f6re bu de\u011fer her konum i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015febilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir g\u00fcne\u015f paneli katman olarak \u00fcstten alta do\u011fru incelendi\u011finde&nbsp;<strong>koruma cam\u0131<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>yans\u0131ma \u00f6nleyici antireflektif kaplama<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>\u00fcst kontak \u0131zgaras\u0131<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>n tipi silikon kristal<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>p tipi silikon kristal<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>alt kontak \u0131zgaras\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Panel i\u00e7erisindeki h\u00fccreler, birbirlerine&nbsp;<strong>seri veya paralel<\/strong>&nbsp;ba\u011flanarak farkl\u0131 ak\u0131m ve gerilim de\u011ferlerinde \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015fa sahip paneller \u00fcretilmektedir. \u00dcretilen elektrik enerjisi do\u011fru ak\u0131mla veya inverter ile AC\u2019ye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek an\u0131nda kullan\u0131labilmekte ya da bataryalara DC ile depolan\u0131p ihtiya\u00e7 halinde&nbsp;<strong>DC veya AC<\/strong>&nbsp;olarak kullan\u0131labilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcne\u015f panellerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in\u00a0<strong>paneli olu\u015fturan h\u00fccrelerin i\u00e7eri\u011fini<\/strong>\u00a0yani\u00a0<strong>yar\u0131iletkenlerin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0anlamak gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yar\u0131iletkenler<\/strong>&nbsp;kristal yap\u0131da, atomlar\u0131 k\u00fcbik kafes sisteminde bir d\u00fczen i\u00e7erisinde s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Normal haldeyken&nbsp;<strong>yal\u0131tkan<\/strong>&nbsp;gibi davran\u0131rlar.&nbsp;<strong>Is\u0131<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>\u0131\u015f\u0131k<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>manyetik alana<\/strong>&nbsp;maruz b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131nda veya belirli de\u011ferde gerilim uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda valans elektronlar\u0131 serbest hale gelerek<strong>&nbsp;iletkenlik<\/strong>&nbsp;durumuna ge\u00e7er. Buna sebep olan bu d\u0131\u015f etki kayboldu\u011funda tekrar yal\u0131tkan hale d\u00f6ner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcne\u015f h\u00fccrelerinde kullan\u0131lan yar\u0131iletkenlerin iletkenliklerinin artt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u00e7lerine baz\u0131&nbsp;<strong>\u00f6zel katk\u0131lar<\/strong>&nbsp;yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Kat\u0131lan maddeye g\u00f6re<strong>&nbsp;n tipi ve p tipi<\/strong>&nbsp;olmak \u00fczere&nbsp;<strong>iki tip yar\u0131 iletken<\/strong>&nbsp;elde edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Silisyum<\/strong>\u00a0ve<strong>\u00a0germanyum<\/strong>\u00a0yar\u0131iletken \u00f6rnekleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde en d\u0131\u015f y\u00f6r\u00fcngelerinde\u00a0<strong>4 elektron<\/strong>\u00a0bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu elementlere d\u0131\u015f y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde<strong>\u00a05 elektron<\/strong>\u00a0bulunan bir atom eklendi\u011finde katk\u0131 atomunun\u00a0<strong>1 elektronu<\/strong>\u00a0bo\u015fta kal\u0131r. Malzeme\u00a0<strong>negatif<\/strong>\u00a0\u00f6zellik kazan\u0131r ve\u00a0<strong>n tipi yar\u0131iletken<\/strong>\u00a0olu\u015fur. D\u0131\u015f y\u00f6r\u00fcngesinde\u00a0<strong>3 elektron<\/strong>\u00a0bulunan bir atom eklendi\u011finde ise kurulan kovalent ba\u011fda\u00a0<strong>1 elektronluk eksiklik<\/strong>\u00a0kal\u0131r. Bu eksiklik\u00a0<strong>bo\u015fluk<\/strong>\u00a0olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7 olarak katk\u0131lama, malzemeye\u00a0<strong>p tipi bir yar\u0131iletken<\/strong>\u00a0\u00f6zelli\u011fi kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>N tipi<\/strong>&nbsp;silikondaki elektronlar&nbsp;<strong>negatif y\u00fckl\u00fc<\/strong>&nbsp;ve elektron vermeye e\u011filimlidir.&nbsp;<strong>P tipi<\/strong>&nbsp;silikonda ise elektronlardan daha fazla bo\u015fluk oldu\u011fundan&nbsp;<strong>pozitif bir y\u00fck<\/strong>&nbsp;olu\u015fturulur ve elektron almaya e\u011filimlidir. P-N yar\u0131iletkenlerinin birle\u015fim y\u00fczeyine&nbsp;<strong>jonksiyon<\/strong>&nbsp;denir. Serbest haldeki elektronlar bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurur. Serbest elektronun ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde bo\u015fluk olu\u015fur. Olu\u015fan bu bo\u015flu\u011fu ba\u015fka bir elektron doldurur. Bu elektron bo\u015fluk doldurma hareketiyle&nbsp;<strong>elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131<\/strong>&nbsp;olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Monokristal g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri<\/strong>\u00a0sadece tek \u00e7e\u015fit yar\u0131iletken silikon kristalinden olu\u015furken,\u00a0<strong>polikristal g\u00fcne\u015f panelleri<\/strong>\u00a0katmanl\u0131 \u015fekilde erimi\u015f birden fazla yar\u0131iletken silikon kristalinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Monokristal solar paneller, polikristal panellere g\u00f6re daha verimlidir. Monokristal h\u00fccrelerde silikon kristal tek oldu\u011fundan elektronlar\u0131n hareket alan\u0131 fazlad\u0131r. Polikristal h\u00fccrelerde ise kristal katman say\u0131s\u0131 fazla ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla elektron hareketi daha k\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00fcne\u015f paneli \u00fcreticileri, g\u00fcne\u015f enerjisini elektrik enerjisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmelerinin ortalama y\u00fczdesel verimliliklerine g\u00f6re k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda\u00a0<strong>SunPower 20,73<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>LG 20,2<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Panasonic 20<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Solaria 19,84<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Hanwha 19,80<\/strong>\u00a0\u015feklindedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kaynak : https:\/\/www.aydinlatma.org\/gunes-paneli-nasil-calisir.html Fotonlar fotovoltaik h\u00fccrelere \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, enerjisi yar\u0131iletken silikon kristaller taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Katk\u0131lanmaya g\u00f6re olu\u015fturulan n ve p tip yar\u0131iletken silikon kristaller polarize olarak birbirleri aras\u0131nda tek y\u00f6nl\u00fc elektron ve bo\u015fluk ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 olu\u015fturur. B\u00f6ylece elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 ve gerilimi olu\u015farak elektrik enerjisi elde edilir. G\u00fcne\u015ften yay\u0131lan elektromanyetik radyasyon i\u00e7erisinde yer alan&nbsp;fotonlar&nbsp;fotovoltaik h\u00fccrelere \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, enerjisi yar\u0131iletken [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":667,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[13,20,28,30],"class_list":["post-253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-blog","tag-kurumsal","tag-web-tasarim","tag-websitesi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=253"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":669,"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253\/revisions\/669"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/667"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=253"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=253"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.myswissolar.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=253"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}